The Inca Trail in Peru offers a unique opportunity for cultural experiences and adventure. This renowned trail, often referred to as the “world’s greatest hike,” combines breathtaking natural scenery with the rich history of the Inca civilization. As trekkers navigate through the Andes Mountains and pass by ancient Incan ruins, they embark on a journey that immerses them in Peruvian culture like no other.

The Inca Trail spans 39 km and takes approximately 4 days to complete. Along the way, trekkers reach a high point at Dead Woman’s Pass, standing at an impressive 13,828 feet. Throughout the trail, hikers are treated to awe-inspiring landscapes, historical landmarks, and a sense of wonder that only comes from walking in the footsteps of the ancient Incas.

Key Takeaways

• Embark on a cultural pilgrimage by hiking the Inca Trail in Peru.
• Experience the breathtaking natural scenery and historical significance of the trail.
• Immerse yourself in Peruvian culture as you traverse through the Andes Mountains.
• Visit ancient Incan ruins and witness the marvels of the Inca civilization.
• Create lifelong memories while challenging yourself physically and mentally.

The Rich History of the Inca Trail

The Inca Trail has a fascinating history that dates back over 500 years to the height of the Incan Empire. It was part of the extensive network of trails that connected the empire, spanning thousands of kilometers. While there are many Inca trails in the region, the one known as the “Classic Inca Trail” is the most famous. It was a route of pilgrimage for the Inca people, who believed in the sacredness of the mountains. Along the trail, they would perform religious ceremonies and rituals to honor the peaks. The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu was rediscovered by Hiram Bingham in 1915, further adding to its historical significance.

The Challenge and Rewards of the Inca Trail

The Inca Trail is an exhilarating adventure that demands physical stamina and thorough preparation. This legendary hiking trail takes trekkers through rugged terrain, including steep ascents and descents, as well as high altitudes that require proper acclimatization. Despite its challenges, conquering the Inca Trail brings about incredible rewards. Every step along this ancient path unveils breathtaking natural landscapes and offers a unique opportunity to explore the wondrous ruins of the Incan civilization. The journey is a transformative experience, allowing hikers to develop a profound appreciation for the rich tapestry of Peruvian culture and history.

Embarking on the Inca Trail requires a certain level of physical fitness to ensure an enjoyable experience. The trail covers approximately 39 kilometers (24 miles) over a span of four days, leading trekkers through diverse terrain and altitudes. The trail reaches its highest point at Dead Woman’s Pass, standing at an awe-inspiring elevation of 13,828 feet. It is crucial for hikers to prepare their bodies for the physical demands of the trail through training and conditioning exercises.

Proper acclimatization is essential to prevent altitude sickness and ensure a safe journey. Trekkers are advised to spend a few days in Cusco or other nearby high-altitude locations to allow their bodies to adjust to the change in elevation. Staying hydrated, avoiding alcohol, and consuming a diet rich in carbohydrates and electrolytes can also help mitigate the effects of altitude.

“The Inca Trail is not just a physical challenge, but also a journey of self-discovery and cultural immersion. It rewards you with unforgettable encounters with nature and history, reminding you of the indomitable spirit of the Inca people.” – Local Guide, Peru

Completing the Inca Trail brings an immense sense of accomplishment and an unforgettable connection to the ancient Inca civilization. The trail weaves through awe-inspiring landscapes, from lush cloud forests and winding mountain paths to breathtaking views of the Andean peaks. Along the way, hikers encounter mystifying archaeological sites, including the renowned Inti Punku (Sun Gate), which provides the first majestic glimpse of the Lost City of Machu Picchu.

The Inca Trail encompasses not only a physical journey but also a profound cultural experience. Immersing oneself in the remarkable heritage of the Inca people fosters a deeper understanding of their spirituality, customs, and values. This incredible adventure allows trekkers to gain insights into the rituals, archaeological wonders, and ancient wisdom that shaped the Incan Empire.

The rewards of conquering the Inca Trail extend beyond personal triumph and cultural enrichment. The awe-inspiring beauty of the surroundings, the rich history embedded in every stone, and the camaraderie formed among fellow hikers make this expedition an unforgettable adventure.

Discover the allure of the Inca Trail, where breathtaking landscapes and ancient wonders await.

Planning Your Inca Trail Adventure

When embarking on your Inca Trail adventure, careful planning is essential to ensure a successful and enriching experience. Consider the following factors to make the most of your trekking journey:

Choosing the Best Time to Visit

The Inca Trail is a year-round destination, but the months of May to September offer the most favorable weather conditions. During this period, you can expect dry days and clear skies, ideal for capturing the stunning landscapes along the trail. However, keep in mind that these months also attract a larger number of visitors. If you prefer fewer crowds, consider hiking during the shoulder seasons of April or October.

Securing Permits for the Inca Trail

Permits are required to hike the Inca Trail, and they are in high demand due to the trail’s popularity. The Peruvian government limits the number of daily permits to 500, including guides and porters. It is crucial to book your permits well in advance, as they can sell out months ahead of time. Avoid disappointment by planning your trip early and securing your permits through a reputable tour operator.

Selecting a Reputable Tour Operator

Choosing the right tour operator can make or break your Inca Trail experience. Opt for a reputable company that prioritizes sustainability, responsible tourism, and the well-being of their staff and porters. A reliable tour operator will provide experienced guides who are knowledgeable about the trail’s history and culture. They will also ensure that you have the necessary equipment and supplies for a safe and enjoyable trek.

“Traveling in the company of those we love is home in motion.”

—Leigh Hunt

Trail Safety and Preparation

The Inca Trail is a challenging trek that involves navigating uneven terrain, coping with high altitudes, and enduring various weather conditions. Before embarking on your adventure, it is essential to be physically prepared by engaging in regular exercise and cardio training. Additionally, acclimatizing to the altitude prior to the hike can help prevent altitude sickness. Pack appropriate clothing, comfortable hiking boots, and essential gear such as a headlamp, sunblock, and a sturdy backpack.

Now that you have the necessary tools for planning your Inca Trail adventure, you can look forward to an unforgettable journey through breathtaking landscapes and ancient wonders.

What to Expect on the Inca Trail

The Inca Trail is a thrilling multi-day trek that guarantees an unforgettable adventure. As you embark on this journey, you can expect to immerse yourself in the wonders of nature, marvel at ancient ruins, and experience the thrill of camping along the route.

When you join a tour, you can rely on the operators to provide essential camping gear such as tents and sleeping bags. However, it’s important to remember that you’ll need to carry your own personal items, including clothing and a sleeping pad. Pack wisely, ensuring you have everything you need to stay comfortable throughout the trek.

The trail itself spans varying distances and elevations, presenting you with a diverse range of challenges and rewards along the way. Some days may be more demanding than others, but each step will lead you to new breathtaking vistas, encounters with ancient Incan ruins, and a profound sense of accomplishment.

Take a moment to appreciate the majestic beauty of the Andes Mountains and the sacredness of the Inca Trail. The awe-inspiring landscapes will leave you in awe, reminding you of the ancient civilizations that once thrived in these very same mountains.

Set aside some time to explore the remarkable ruins that dot the trail. Discover the remnants of a remarkable empire and imagine what life was like for the Incas who once walked these paths. It’s an opportunity to step back in time and connect with the rich history and cultural heritage of Peru.

Ensure you are physically and mentally prepared for the challenges ahead. Regular exercise and endurance training will help build your strength and stamina. Mental fortitude and a positive mindset will carry you through the more difficult stretches of the trail.

With the right gear, a spirit of adventure, and an appreciation for the remarkable beauty that surrounds you, you’re ready to embark on the Inca Trail trekking experience of a lifetime.

Cultural Interactions on the Inca Trail

The Inca Trail offers a truly immersive cultural experience, allowing trekkers to engage with local communities and experience the rich heritage of the Quechua people, who live in the mountain villages surrounding Ollantaytambo and the Sacred Valley.

As you embark on your journey along the Inca Trail, you’ll have the chance to interact with the porters who accompany you on the trek. These porters, often belonging to the Quechua community, have a deep connection to their Incan ancestry and are proud custodians of their cultural traditions.

“We believe in the strength of our ancestors and the sacredness of the mountains,” explains Manuel, a Quechua porter from the local community. “By sharing our stories and traditions, we hope to create a deeper understanding and appreciation for our culture.”

Many porters speak Quechua, the language of the Incas, providing you with an opportunity to learn a few unique phrases and understand the significance behind certain cultural practices.

Choosing ethical and responsible tour operators is key to ensuring fair treatment and payment for the porters. By supporting these operators, you contribute to the well-being of the local communities. It’s a chance to make a positive impact and preserve the cultural heritage of the Inca Trail for future generations.

During the trek, you’ll also have opportunities to visit local villages and engage in cultural activities, such as traditional weaving demonstrations or trying local delicacies. These encounters offer a deeper insight into the daily lives and traditions of the Quechua people.

“Interacting with the local communities along the Inca Trail was one of the most rewarding aspects of my journey,” shares Sarah, a recent traveler. “It not only enriched my understanding of Peruvian culture but also made me realize the importance of responsible tourism.”

By immersing yourself in these cultural exchanges, you’ll gain a deeper appreciation for the Inca Trail’s significance beyond its natural beauty and historical ruins. It’s a chance to connect with the people who call this region home, creating memories that go beyond the physical challenge of the trek itself.

Conclusion

Walking the Inca Trail is a truly remarkable experience that offers a unique blend of physical challenge and cultural immersion. As trekkers make their way through the breathtaking landscapes of Peru, they also embark on a journey through ancient history, encountering awe-inspiring ruins along the way. This pilgrimage allows individuals to connect with the spirituality of the Inca people and gain a profound appreciation for the significance of the mountains.

The Inca Trail, often referred to as the “world’s greatest hike,” provides a window into Peruvian culture like no other. With each step, travelers are exposed to the traditions, customs, and heritage of this remarkable country. The trail serves as a testament to the ingenuity of the Incas, who created an extensive network of trails connecting their empire. It is a living testament to their rich history and their reverence for the mountains that surrounded them.

Embarking on the Inca Trail is not just a physical endeavor, it is a cultural journey that leaves a lasting impact. Travelers gain a deeper understanding of Peru and its people, forming connections and creating memories that will endure for a lifetime. From the vibrant tapestry of Peruvian culture to the ancient ruins that dot the landscape, the Inca Trail offers an unparalleled cultural experience that is truly transformative.

Source Links

• https://www.apus-peru.com/blog/facts-about-the-inca-trail/
• https://trail.bananabackpacks.com/inca-trail/
• https://www.enigmaperu.com/blog/the-history-of-the-inca-trail/

Japan, a nation steeped in history and tradition, offers a fascinating journey through time and culture. From its ancient shrines and temples to the modern metropolis, Japan’s cultural heritage is both profound and enchanting. In this article, we explore the multifaceted aspects of Japanese culture, delving deep into its history, arts, festivals, and culinary traditions to provide a comprehensive guide that captures the essence of this remarkable country.

Key Takeaways:

• Immerse yourself in Japan’s rich cultural heritage through its traditional arts, spiritual traditions, and historical sites.
• Experience the deep-rooted traditions of Shintoism and Buddhism, visiting iconic shrines and temples.
• Discover the code of bushido and the world of the samurai, exploring the martial arts and tea ceremonies.
• Appreciate Japan’s artistic expressions, from the historic ukiyo-e prints to the modern world of manga and anime.
• Indulge in the delights of Japanese cuisine, savoring the flavors of sushi, ramen, and matcha.

Historical Roots: The Foundation of Japanese Culture

Japan’s history is a rich tapestry woven with tales of emperors, samurai, and shoguns. The Nara and Heian periods marked the blossoming of Japanese culture, with the creation of iconic literature such as “The Tale of Genji.” The Kamakura and Muromachi periods saw the rise of the samurai and the establishment of the shogunate, while the Edo period brought about a time of peace and cultural flourish. Understanding these historical epochs is crucial to appreciating the depth and complexity of Japan’s cultural landscape.

The Nara period (710-794) and Heian period (794-1185) were pivotal eras in shaping Japan’s cultural identity. During the Nara period, significant developments in governance, Buddhism, and literature took place. It was in this period that the capital was moved to Nara, and the first permanent imperial residence, the Heijo-kyo, was constructed. The Heian period was characterized by a refined aristocratic culture, the flourishing of Japanese literature, and the establishment of the imperial court in Kyoto.

Spiritual Traditions: Shintoism and Buddhism

At the heart of Japan’s cultural heritage lies its spiritual traditions. Shintoism, the indigenous faith of Japan, celebrates the sacredness of nature and the existence of kami (gods or spirits) in everything. The grand shrines of Ise and the serene torii gates of Miyajima are testaments to Shinto’s enduring legacy. Buddhism, introduced from China and Korea, brought with it a profound philosophical influence, exemplified by the majestic temples of Kyoto and the tranquil Zen gardens found throughout the country.

Shintoism, deeply rooted in Japanese history, is a syncretic blend of animism, shamanism, and reverence for ancestral spirits. It emphasizes the interconnection between humans and the natural world, with kami regarded as divine forces inhabiting trees, rocks, and rivers.

Shinto Shrines and Torii Gates

The Japanese archipelago is adorned with countless shrines and torii gates, standing as ethereal gateways between the human and divine realms. Among the most venerated is the Ise Grand Shrine, dedicated to Amaterasu Omikami, the sun goddess and progenitor of the imperial family. Its sacred architecture represents the essence of Shinto design, harmonizing with the surrounding nature.

Another iconic symbol of Shintoism is the torii gate. The vermilion torii gates of Miyajima Island, located near Hiroshima, offer a mesmerizing sight during high tide, seemingly floating on the water. This spiritual destination encapsulates the serenity and unity of Shinto belief.

Buddhism: The Path of Enlightenment

Buddhism arrived in Japan during the 6th century, flourishing alongside Shintoism and leaving an indelible mark on the country’s cultural landscape. As a philosophy and spiritual practice, Buddhism focuses on the attainment of enlightenment and the ultimate liberation from suffering.

Kyoto, once the imperial capital, emerged as a center of Buddhist devotion and scholarship. It is here that some of Japan’s most revered temples can be found, each showcasing distinctive architectural styles and offering introspective spaces for meditation and contemplation.

These temples offer a glimpse into the intricate fusion of Buddhist teachings, artistic expression, and architectural mastery. Visitors can explore the rich symbolism within each temple, engage in Zen meditation, or participate in traditional tea ceremonies – a harmonious blend of Buddhism and the way of tea.

“In Buddhism, one seeks to awaken the mind and attain enlightenment. It is a journey of self-discovery and liberation from the cycle of suffering.”

From the tranquil moss gardens of Saihō-ji temple to the vibrant autumn foliage framing Tenryū-ji temple, Kyoto serves as a sanctuary for spiritual exploration and introspection.

The Way of the Warrior: Bushido and the Samurai

The samurai, Japan’s legendary warriors, lived by the code of bushido, which emphasized honor, discipline, and loyalty. This warrior ethos deeply influenced Japanese culture, from the martial arts of kendo and judo to the way of tea, a ceremonial practice embodying harmony and respect. Exploring the castles, armor, and weaponry of the samurai offers a glimpse into a pivotal aspect of Japan’s cultural identity.

Rooted in feudal Japan, the samurai class emerged in the 12th century and played a significant role in shaping the nation’s history. They were not merely skilled fighters but also exemplifiers of a strict moral code known as bushido, meaning “the way of the warrior.” This code was a guiding principle for samurai behavior, emphasizing virtues such as loyalty, righteousness, and courage.

Samurai training encompassed various forms of martial arts, which went beyond physical combat and focused on spiritual and mental discipline. The practice of kendo, known as the way of the sword, aimed to cultivate not just technical swordsmanship but also ethics and personal development. Judo, another martial art derived from jujitsu, emphasized throwing and grappling techniques. These martial arts not only developed warriors but also shaped their character and mindset.

The samurai’s commitment to discipline extended beyond the battlefield. Their dedication to cultivating inner harmony and mindfulness is exemplified in the way of tea, or chanoyu. This ceremonial practice revolves around the preparation and serving of powdered green tea, known as matcha. The tea ceremony embodies principles of purity, tranquility, and respect, with each movement and gesture carefully choreographed to create an atmosphere of harmony and mindfulness.

“In the way of the samurai, every action has meaning, every moment is an opportunity to live according to the principles of bushido.”

Exploring the legacy of the samurai allows us to delve into Japan’s cultural heritage and gain insight into the values that have shaped the nation’s identity. Visiting historical landmarks such as castles provides a glimpse into the world of the samurai, where honor and duty were paramount. The intricate armor and weaponry on display showcase the craftsmanship and artistry that went into creating tools of war.

The samurai may belong to a bygone era, but their legacy lives on in the values that continue to shape Japanese society. The influence of bushido can be seen not only in the martial arts but also in the unwavering commitment to honor, the pursuit of excellence, and respect for one’s adversaries.

Artistic Expressions: From Ukiyo-e to Modern Manga

Japanese art is a testament to the timeless beauty and intricate craftsmanship that defines the country’s cultural heritage. From the delicate brush strokes of calligraphy to the vibrant colors of ukiyo-e prints, the artistic traditions of Japan have captivated the world for centuries.

Ukiyo-e, meaning “pictures of the floating world,” emerged during the Edo period (1603-1868) and became a popular form of art. These woodblock prints depicted scenes from everyday life, kabuki theater, and landscapes, allowing the viewer to experience the ephemeral world of pleasure, entertainment, and inner emotions. The influence of ukiyo-e extended far beyond Japan, inspiring renowned Western artists like Vincent van Gogh and Claude Monet.

Calligraphy, known as shodo, is not just a form of writing but is considered one of the highest art forms in Japan. The meticulous strokes and balance of characters are deeply rooted in the principles of Zen Buddhism and reflect the artist’s state of mind. The elegance of calligraphy can be seen in various contexts, including religious scriptures, poetry, and even everyday items like shop signs and restaurant menus.

Another traditional art form that continues to thrive is ikebana, the art of flower arrangement. This centuries-old practice involves mindful placement of flowers and other natural elements to create harmonious and balanced compositions. Ikebana reflects the appreciation for nature’s fleeting beauty and embodies the philosophy of wabi-sabi, finding beauty in imperfection and transience.

Pottery, with its rich history dating back over 10,000 years, is yet another artistic expression deeply ingrained in Japanese culture. From the rustic beauty of traditional raku ware to the delicate and refined aesthetics of porcelain, Japanese ceramics showcase the craftsmanship and attention to detail for which the country is renowned.

While traditional art forms have laid the foundation for Japan’s artistic identity, modern art forms such as manga and anime have gained global recognition for their creativity and storytelling. Manga, which refers to Japanese comic books and graphic novels, covers a wide range of genres, from fantasy and science fiction to romance and historical dramas. The distinctive art style and dynamic narratives have made manga a significant cultural export, captivating readers of all ages around the world.

Similarly, anime, the animated counterpart to manga, has revolutionized the entertainment industry. From classic anime series like “Astro Boy” to internationally acclaimed films like Hayao Miyazaki’s “Spirited Away,” anime has garnered a dedicated fan base and continues to push the boundaries of visual storytelling.

Through these diverse artistic expressions, Japan has established itself as a cultural powerhouse, constantly inspiring and influencing global creative trends.

Culinary Journey: The Delicacies of Japanese Cuisine

Japanese cuisine, or washoku, is a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage, celebrated for its emphasis on seasonal ingredients, balance, and presentation. From the artistry of sushi and the comfort of a steaming bowl of ramen to the ceremonial preparation of matcha, Japanese food is an integral part of the cultural experience. Exploring the diverse regional dishes and sake breweries offers a delicious insight into Japan’s culinary heritage.

The heart and soul of Japanese cuisine lies in its attention to detail and reverence for nature. With its focus on fresh, locally sourced ingredients, washoku showcases the natural flavors of each seasonal component. Every dish is carefully crafted to achieve a harmonious balance of taste, texture, and visual appeal.

Signature Japanese Delicacies

Let’s explore some of the iconic dishes that have captivated food enthusiasts around the world:

1. Sushi: This famous Japanese dish combines vinegared rice with various toppings, including fresh seafood, vegetables, and pickled ingredients. Sushi is meticulously prepared, with each piece showcasing the chef’s skill and creativity.
2. Ramen: A steaming bowl of ramen, with its flavorful broth, perfectly cooked noodles, and a variety of toppings, is the ultimate comfort food in Japan. Regional variations, such as the rich tonkotsu ramen of Fukuoka or the soy-based shoyu ramen of Tokyo, offer a diverse range of flavors.
3. Tempura: Tempura is a dish of lightly battered and deep-fried seafood, vegetables, and mushrooms. The result is a crispy coating that encapsulates tender, flavorful ingredients. Tempura is typically served with a dipping sauce and enjoyed in specialized restaurants or traditional Japanese teahouses.

A Culinary Melting Pot

Japanese cuisine draws inspiration from both its indigenous roots and cultural influences from around the world. Historical connections with China and Korea introduced ingredients like soy sauce, tofu, and noodles, which eventually became integral components of Japanese dishes.

Furthermore, Japan’s distinct regional cuisines reflect the country’s diverse geography and climate. From the seafood-rich dishes of coastal regions like Hokkaido to the hearty, soy-based flavors of the Kansai region, each area boasts its unique culinary traditions and specialties.

The Art of Tea

No exploration of Japanese cuisine is complete without mentioning matcha, a finely ground powdered green tea that holds a special place in Japanese culture. Matcha is not only enjoyed as a refreshing beverage but is also used in traditional tea ceremonies, where precise techniques and rituals are observed to prepare and serve the tea.

The meditative practice of the tea ceremony embodies harmony, respect, and tranquility, allowing participants to immerse themselves in the present moment and appreciate the beauty of simplicity.

A Taste of Japan’s Culinary Heritage

To truly experience the depth and richness of Japanese cuisine, one must sample the regional specialties and local delicacies that each area has to offer. Here are a few examples of regional dishes that showcase Japan’s culinary diversity:

Japan’s culinary journey offers a feast for the senses, allowing visitors to savor the flavors, traditions, and stories that have shaped this remarkable cuisine. Whether you’re indulging in a bowl of ramen from a street vendor or dining in an elegant sushi restaurant, every bite is an opportunity to connect with the rich cultural heritage of washoku.

The Path Forward: Preserving and Innovating

As Japan looks to the future, it recognizes the importance of preserving its cultural heritage while embracing innovation and change. With a deep commitment to cultural preservation, the country has undertaken various initiatives to safeguard traditional crafts, restore historical sites, and promote cultural tourism. By doing so, Japan ensures that its rich heritage will continue to be celebrated and shared with the world.

At the same time, Japan is not simply bound by tradition. The country’s ongoing contributions to technology, fashion, and pop culture keep its cultural landscape vibrant and evolving. With advancements in technology, Japan has managed to blend its traditional practices with modern innovations, creating a unique juxtaposition of the past and the present. From interactive museum exhibits to digital art installations, technology has become an integral part of cultural experiences in Japan.

Moreover, Japan’s pop culture, including anime and manga, has captured the hearts of people around the globe. These forms of artistic expression have not only become a significant part of Japan’s modern identity but have also influenced popular culture worldwide. The global reach of Japanese pop culture has been instrumental in preserving and spreading awareness of traditional customs and practices. It has sparked interest in traditional arts, festivals, and historical landmarks.

By striking a balance between the preservation of its cultural roots and embracing new forms of expression, Japan paves the way for a future that both respects tradition and encourages creativity. This harmonious blend of preservation and innovation ensures that Japan’s cultural heritage remains relevant and cherished for generations to come.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Japan’s cultural heritage encompasses a rich tapestry of history, spirituality, art, and tradition. Through the exploration of its ancient roots and contemporary expressions, travelers can embark on a transformative journey that offers deep insights into the essence of Japanese culture.

From the majestic shrines and temples that stand as testaments to centuries of spiritual devotion to the traditional arts and culinary delights that tantalize the senses, Japan offers a multitude of cultural experiences that capture the imagination and leave a lasting impact.

Preservation of heritage remains a top priority in Japan, with ongoing efforts to safeguard historical sites, promote traditional crafts, and foster cultural tourism. This commitment ensures that both the tangible and intangible aspects of Japan’s cultural legacy are cherished and passed on to future generations.

For those seeking a truly immersive experience, Japan travel offers an unparalleled opportunity to engage with a vibrant and evolving cultural landscape. Whether it’s exploring the ancient samurai history, indulging in the world-renowned sushi and ramen, or admiring the intricate beauty of ukiyo-e prints, Japan’s cultural richness promises to captivate and inspire.

Source Links

• https://grandgo.com/a-deep-dive-into-japans-rich-cultural-heritage/
• https://www.japan.travel/en/japan-magazine/2311_take-a-deep-dive-into-limited-time-cultural-immersion/
• https://www.roadscholar.org/find-an-adventure/19725/the-cultural-highlights-of-japan